Reduce the post-meal glucose rise
This is the strongest evidence. A 2023 systematic review and meta-analysis found that exercise after eating reduced post-meal glucose excursions more than exercising before eating or remaining inactive. Starting sooner after the meal appeared more useful, although the included trials were small and varied in design.
A randomized crossover study of adults with type 2 diabetes compared one 30-minute daily walk with three 10-minute walks after meals. The post-meal walks produced a lower glucose response, with the largest difference after dinner. This is not a replacement for diabetes care; activity can affect blood sugar, so people using insulin or glucose-lowering medication should follow their clinician's guidance.
